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Shop 100% Pure Multi-vitamin + Antioxidants Ultra Riché Pm Treatment
Treatment
100% Pure

Multi-vitamin + Antioxidants Ultra Riché Pm Treatment

~$37

What it's good for

Key actives from our research database. Click any to read the full evidence dossier.

  • Aloe VeraModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    Calms irritation and adds light hydration. The classic for sunburned or reactive skin.

    Good for: Anti-inflammatory, Hydrating

  • Alpha-Lipoic AcidModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A "universal antioxidant" that protects both the oily and watery parts of your skin. It's unique because it can recycle your Vitamin C and E, making them last longer. It also prevents "sugar-sag" (glycation) and reduces fine lines.

    Good for: Antioxidant, Anti-aging

  • CalendulaModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A botanical with real clinical wins for irritated, post-procedure, or recovering skin, with randomized-trial support behind its soothing reputation. Gentle enough for delicate, easily reactive skin and dry, sensitive patches.

    Good for: Anti-inflammatory

  • Centella AsiaticaModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    Also called "cica," it calms redness, repairs the skin barrier, and speeds up recovery. The go-to for irritated or reactive skin.

    Good for: Anti-inflammatory, Barrier repair

  • Citric AcidModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A fruit-derived AHA that exfoliates and antioxidizes. It shares the same basic mechanism as glycolic and lactic acid but is weaker gram-for-gram; in practice you'll see it doing dual duty (a little exfoliation plus pH stabilisation) in multi-acid toners and serums. When it appears low on an ingredient list, it's adjusting pH; higher up, it's contributing real exfoliation.

    Good for: Exfoliating, Antioxidant

  • Coenzyme Q10Moderate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A naturally-occurring antioxidant your skin loses as you age. Topical CoQ10 restores some of what time depletes, supporting energy production in skin cells and softening wrinkle depth.

    Good for: Antioxidant, Anti-aging

  • GlycerinModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A workhorse hydrator that pulls water into your skin. In nearly every good moisturizer for a reason.

    Good for: Hydrating

  • HoneyModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    An ancient humectant and antimicrobial ingredient with a long research track record. Its sugar matrix and flavonoids help draw in moisture and support skin comfort; formulas pairing honey with beeswax and olive oil have shown improvement in dry, irritation-prone skin in controlled trials.

    Good for: Anti-inflammatory, Anti-acne, Hydrating

  • NiacinamideStrong evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A multitasker that calms redness, evens out skin tone, and helps oily skin balance out. One of the safest do-a-little-of-everything ingredients.

    Good for: Brightening, Barrier repair, Anti-inflammatory

  • PanthenolModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    Pro-vitamin B5. Deeply hydrates and helps repair the skin barrier, calming dry or compromised skin.

    Good for: Hydrating, Barrier repair

  • Phytic AcidModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A plant-derived acid that blocks the enzyme your skin uses to make pigment, fading dark spots and post-acne marks. Clinical trials show it measurably reduces hyperpigmentation and improves skin luminosity, with significantly less irritation than stronger AHAs. A good option for sensitive skin that still wants a brightening acid.

    Good for: Brightening, Antioxidant, Exfoliating

  • Reishi MushroomAnecdotal evidenceFull dossier ↗

    An "adaptogen" mushroom that helps skin cells handle stress at the gene level. Early-stage evidence but mechanistically interesting for anti-aging routines layered with vitamin C or peptides.

    Good for: Antioxidant, Anti-aging

  • ResveratrolModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A grape-derived antioxidant that defends skin from daily oxidative damage and helps even out tone. Often paired with vitamins C and E in nighttime serums.

    Good for: Antioxidant, Anti-aging, Brightening

  • RetinolStrong evidenceFull dossier ↗

    Speeds up how fast your skin renews itself so old, dull cells shed faster and fresher skin shows through. Builds collagen over time, smoothing fine lines.

    Good for: Anti-aging

  • Rosehip OilModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A dry oil that absorbs quickly and brings a tiny trickle of vitamin-A-like activity. Good for scarring, post-acne marks, and barrier rebuild without feeling greasy.

    Good for: Barrier repair, Antioxidant, Brightening

  • Shea ButterModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A rich, naturally occlusive plant butter from the African karite tree. Soothes dry, irritation-prone skin, refills the lipid barrier, and was well tolerated enough in randomized trials that most participants used it comfortably as a daily emollient.

    Good for: Barrier repair, Hydrating, Anti-inflammatory

  • Vitamin CStrong evidenceFull dossier ↗

    Brightens dull skin and helps fade dark spots. Also defends against everyday UV and pollution damage when worn under sunscreen.

    Good for: Brightening, Antioxidant

  • Vitamin EModerate evidenceFull dossier ↗

    A workhorse antioxidant that defends your skin from daily oxidative damage. Pairs especially well with vitamin C, and it's in nearly every good moisturizer for a reason.

    Good for: Antioxidant

New to this? Patch test on your inner arm for 24 to 48 hours before applying to your face. If you have sensitive skin or rosacea, start 2 to 3 times per week and build up slowly.

Evidence behind the ingredients

Real citations from our research database, one per tracked active in this product. Click any ingredient name to read its full evidence dossier.

Aloe VeraModerate evidence7 citations

Calms irritation and adds light hydration. The classic for sunburned or reactive skin.

Huang YN et al., Effects of Aloe vera on Burn Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Journal of Burn Care & Research 2024;45(6):1536-1545 — topical aloe vera reduced burn wound-healing time

2024Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:38605441View source ↗

Tungkasamit T et al., Reduction in severity of radiation-induced dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients treated with topical aloe vera gel: A randomized multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled trial, European Journal of Oncology Nursing 2022;59:102164 — aloe vera reduced severity of moderate-to-severe radiation dermatitis

2022Positive (efficacy)PMID:35767935View source ↗

Sharma S et al., Second-Degree Burns and Aloe Vera: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review, Advances in Skin & Wound Care 2022;35(11):1-9 — topical aloe vera shortened time to healing for second-degree burns

2022Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:36264753View source ↗
Alpha-Lipoic AcidModerate evidence2 citations

A "universal antioxidant" that protects both the oily and watery parts of your skin. It's unique because it can recycle your Vitamin C and E, making them last longer. It also prevents "sugar-sag" (glycation) and reduces fine lines.

Lee WJ et al., Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Cultured Human Sebocytes, Annals of Dermatology 2019

2019Mechanism onlyPMID:33911546View source ↗

Beitner H, Randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 5% alpha-lipoic acid related to photoageing of facial skin, British Journal of Dermatology 2003;149(4):841-9

2003Positive (efficacy)PMID:14616378View source ↗
CalendulaModerate evidence6 citations

A botanical with real clinical wins for irritated, post-procedure, or recovering skin, with randomized-trial support behind its soothing reputation. Gentle enough for delicate, easily reactive skin and dry, sensitive patches.

Deligiannidou GE et al. (Greece), An Update of Phytotherapeutic Advances of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) in Wound Healing, Plants (Basel) 2025 — peer-reviewed review of 2020-2025 experimental and clinical evidence on Calendula formulations for skin regeneration: healing rate, cell proliferation, inflammatory modulation

2025Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:41304647View source ↗

Effect of oral Calendula officinalis on second-degree burn wound healing (Iran), Scars Burns and Healing 2023

2023Positive (efficacy)PMID:36632430View source ↗

Siddiquee S et al., Efficacy of topical Calendula officinalis on prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis: A randomised controlled trial, Australasian Journal of Dermatology 2021;62(1):e35-e40 — topical calendula reduced radiation-induced dermatitis

2021Positive (efficacy)PMID:32965030View source ↗
+15 more ingredients
Centella AsiaticaModerate evidence6 citations

Also called "cica," it calms redness, repairs the skin barrier, and speeds up recovery. The go-to for irritated or reactive skin.

Hur N et al., A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Effects of Oral Centella asiatica Extract on Skin Aging-Related Parameters in Middle-Aged Korean Women, Nutrients 2026

2026Positive (efficacy)PMID:42196964View source ↗

Borowicz KK et al., Geroprotective Potential of Centella asiatica: Modulation of Cellular Aging, Nutrients 2026

2026Mechanism onlyPMID:42280293View source ↗

Witkowska K et al., Topical Application of Centella asiatica in Wound Healing: Recent Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Efficacy, Pharmaceutics 2024;16(10):1252 — modern hydrogel and nanostructured Centella delivery systems accelerate wound healing across wound types

2024Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:39458583View source ↗
Citric AcidModerate evidence4 citations

A fruit-derived AHA that exfoliates and antioxidizes. It shares the same basic mechanism as glycolic and lactic acid but is weaker gram-for-gram; in practice you'll see it doing dual duty (a little exfoliation plus pH stabilisation) in multi-acid toners and serums. When it appears low on an ingredient list, it's adjusting pH; higher up, it's contributing real exfoliation.

Tang SC, Yang JH. Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin. Molecules. 2018;23(4):863.

2018Mechanism onlyPMC:PMC6017965View source ↗

Yamamoto Y, Uede K, Yonei N, Kishioka A, Ohtani T, Furukawa F. Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on the human skin of Japanese subjects: the rationale for chemical peeling. Journal of Dermatology. 2006 Jan;33(1):16-22. — Clinical-mechanistic study in Japanese subjects demonstrating AHA (including citric acid class) keratolytic and epidermal renewal effects as rationale for chemical peeling.

2006Mechanism onlyPMID:16469079View source ↗

Bernstein EF, Underhill CB, Lakkakorpi J, et al. Citric acid increases viable epidermal thickness and glycosaminoglycan content of sun-damaged skin. Dermatologic Surgery. 1997 Aug;23(8):689-694. — Mechanistic study showing topical citric acid increased viable epidermal thickness and dermal glycosaminoglycans in sun-damaged skin, similar to glycolic acid and retinoic acid.

1997Mechanism onlyPMID:9256916View source ↗
Coenzyme Q10Moderate evidence5 citations

A naturally-occurring antioxidant your skin loses as you age. Topical CoQ10 restores some of what time depletes, supporting energy production in skin cells and softening wrinkle depth.

Li S et al., Ginsenoside Nanoliposomes Deliver Ergothioneine and Coenzyme Q10 to Address Skin Aging via Mitochondrial Mechanisms, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2026

2026Mechanism onlyPMID:41475077View source ↗

Lain ET, Agrawal N, Ruvolo E, Weise JM, Callender VD, The Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Skin Aging and Opportunities for Topical Intervention: A Review, Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology 2024;17(8):42-47

2024Positive (efficacy)PMID:39148958View source ↗

Ayunin Q, Miatmoko A, Soeratri W, Erawati T, Susanto J, Legowo D, Improving the anti-ageing activity of coenzyme Q10 through protransfersome-loaded emulgel, Scientific Reports 2022;12(1):906 — topical CoQ10 protransfersomal emulgel increased collagen density and fibroblast count in UV-aged mouse skin

2022Positive (efficacy)PMID:35042910View source ↗
GlycerinModerate evidence6 citations

A workhorse hydrator that pulls water into your skin. In nearly every good moisturizer for a reason.

Danby SG et al., Different types of emollient cream exhibit diverse physiological effects on the skin barrier in adults with atopic dermatitis, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 2022;47(6):1154-1164 — glycerol+urea emollient delivered superior barrier-strengthening and irritant protection

2022Positive (efficacy)PMID:35167133View source ↗

Youssef R et al., Glycerol 85% efficacy on atopic skin and its microbiome: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2021;32(7):730-736 — topical glycerol 85% RCT on atopic skin

2021Positive (efficacy)PMID:31869257View source ↗

Evans NJ et al., Human axillary skin condition is improved following incorporation of glycerol into the stratum corneum from an antiperspirant formulation, Archives of Dermatological Research 2017;309(9):739-748 — 4% glycerol penetrated axillary SC, reduced irritation, improved hydration

2017Positive (efficacy)PMID:28889318View source ↗
HoneyModerate evidence5 citations

An ancient humectant and antimicrobial ingredient with a long research track record. Its sugar matrix and flavonoids help draw in moisture and support skin comfort; formulas pairing honey with beeswax and olive oil have shown improvement in dry, irritation-prone skin in controlled trials.

Semprini A, Braithwaite I, Corin A, et al. Randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of acne. BMJ Open. 2016 Feb 1;6(2):e009448. — RCT: kanuka honey + antibacterial soap was NOT significantly more effective than antibacterial soap alone for acne; primary endpoint not met.

2016InconclusivePMID:26832428View source ↗

Jull AB, Cullum N, Dumville JC, Westby MJ, Deshpande S, Walker N. Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD005083.

2015Meta-analysis (mixed)PMID:25742878View source ↗

Mandal MD, Mandal S. Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011;1(2):154-160.

2011Mechanism onlyPMID:23569748View source ↗
NiacinamideStrong evidence10 citations

A multitasker that calms redness, evens out skin tone, and helps oily skin balance out. One of the safest do-a-little-of-everything ingredients.

Moro F et al., Skin Cancer Prevention and Antiaging: Role of Nicotinamide, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2026

2026Mechanism onlyPMID:42278444View source ↗

Passeron T et al., An Investigator-Blinded, Randomized Trial of a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen Containing Sclareolide and Niacinamide, Dermatology and Therapy (Heidelberg) 2026

2026Positive (efficacy)PMID:41240206View source ↗

Vergilio MM et al., Topical Formulation with Niacinamide Combined with 5 MHz Ultrasound for Improving Skin Ageing, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2025

2025Positive (efficacy)PMID:39171587View source ↗
PanthenolModerate evidence5 citations

Pro-vitamin B5. Deeply hydrates and helps repair the skin barrier, calming dry or compromised skin.

Gao Y et al., Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Panthenol-Enriched Mask for Skin Barrier Recovery After Facial Laser Treatment, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2025;24(7):e70223 — double-blind RCT (n=60): panthenol mask decreased erythema, enhanced hydration, repaired barrier vs saline

2025Positive (efficacy)PMID:40613435View source ↗

Cho YS et al., Use of Dexpanthenol for Atopic Dermatitis-Benefits and Recommendations Based on Current Evidence, Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022;11(14):3943 — Korean-authored review; dexpanthenol improves barrier and reduces severity in mild-to-moderate AD

2022Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:35887707View source ↗

Heise R et al., Accelerated wound healing with a dexpanthenol-containing ointment after fractional ablative CO2 laser resurfacing of photo-damaged skin in a randomized prospective clinical trial, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 2019;38(3):274-278 — RCT: dexpanthenol significantly faster wound closure vs petroleum jelly post-laser

2019Positive (efficacy)PMID:30897983View source ↗
Phytic AcidModerate evidence3 citations

A plant-derived acid that blocks the enzyme your skin uses to make pigment, fading dark spots and post-acne marks. Clinical trials show it measurably reduces hyperpigmentation and improves skin luminosity, with significantly less irritation than stronger AHAs. A good option for sensitive skin that still wants a brightening acid.

Markiewicz-Tomczyk A et al., Clinical Evaluation of Anti-Aging Effects of Combined Therapy - Azelaic Acid, Phytic Acid, and Vitamin C Applied Layer by Layer in Females, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2022

2022Positive (efficacy)PMID:36056802View source ↗

Houshmand EB. Effect of glycolic acid, phytic acid, soothing complex containing emulsion on hyperpigmentation and skin luminosity: a clinical evaluation. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(3):776-780.

2021Positive (efficacy)PMID:33458927View source ↗

Sarkar R et al. Comparative Study of 35% Glycolic Acid, 20% Salicylic-10% Mandelic Acid, and Phytic Acid Combination Peels in the Treatment of Active Acne and Postacne Pigmentation. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2019;12(3):158-163.

2019Positive (efficacy)PMID:31619887View source ↗
Reishi MushroomAnecdotal evidence7 citations

An "adaptogen" mushroom that helps skin cells handle stress at the gene level. Early-stage evidence but mechanistically interesting for anti-aging routines layered with vitamin C or peptides.

Tao L, Tai M et al., A Ganoderma lucidum Extract Improves Mitochondrial Function in Aging Skin and Promotes Wound Healing, Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2026 — Ganoderma lucidum extract reduced ROS, boosted mitochondrial energy production, and accelerated wound healing in aging skin (cell + animal models)

2026Positive (efficacy)PMID:42088112View source ↗

Dikmen Kucuk S et al., Cosmetic Potential of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) Extract in a Topical Cream Formulation, International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2026

2026Positive (efficacy)PMID:41657122View source ↗

Mohamed G et al., Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ganoderma lucidum: From Bioactive Compounds to Clinical Translation, Phytotherapy Research 2026

2026Mechanism onlyPMID:42116536View source ↗
ResveratrolModerate evidence6 citations

A grape-derived antioxidant that defends skin from daily oxidative damage and helps even out tone. Often paired with vitamins C and E in nighttime serums.

Shi Y, Shen C, Zhang W, Efficacy and safety of a topical skincare regimen containing CE Ferulic serum and resveratrol BE serum following ablative fractional CO2 laser treatment, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2024;38 Suppl 6:18-25 — split-face RCT, resveratrol-containing serum reduced erythema and accelerated wound healing post-laser

2024Positive (efficacy)PMID:38828801View source ↗

Hecker A et al., The impact of resveratrol on skin wound healing, scarring, and aging, International Wound Journal 2022;19(1):9-28 — review of resveratrol's dermatological effects on wound healing, scarring, and photoaging

2022Mechanism onlyPMID:33949795View source ↗

Lin MH et al., The bioactivities of resveratrol and its naturally occurring derivatives on skin, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2021;29(1):15-38 — review of cutaneous resveratrol activity in photoaging, melanogenesis, and dermatitis

2021Mechanism onlyPMID:35696226View source ↗
RetinolStrong evidence11 citations

Speeds up how fast your skin renews itself so old, dull cells shed faster and fresher skin shows through. Builds collagen over time, smoothing fine lines.

SCCS Revision of the Scientific Opinion on Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinyl Acetate, Retinyl Palmitate), SCCS/1639/21, final version adopted 24-25 October 2022

2022Safety assessmentSCCS/1639/21View source ↗

Chien AL et al. Biomarkers of Tretinoin Precursors and Tretinoin Efficacy in Patients With Moderate to Severe Facial Photodamage: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatology. 2022;158(8):892-900. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.1891 — RCT comparing topical retinol precursors vs tretinoin for photoaging; both showed equivalent wrinkle reduction at week 24 with retinol formulation causing 6x less erythema than tretinoin.

2022Positive (efficacy)PMID:35675051View source ↗

MFDS Approved Functional Cosmetic Active — Retinol (anti-wrinkle). Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cosmetic Functional Active Ingredient List — listed alongside Adenosine, Retinyl Palmitate, and Polyethoxylated Retinamide in the Korean Functional Cosmetics Codex anti-wrinkle category

2020Regulatory approvalMFDS:Retinol-AntiWrinkleView source ↗
Rosehip OilModerate evidence5 citations

A dry oil that absorbs quickly and brings a tiny trickle of vitamin-A-like activity. Good for scarring, post-acne marks, and barrier rebuild without feeling greasy.

Rossi M et al. (Italy), GinExtraMed: Focus on Rosa canina L. Extract Encapsulated into Glycethosomes and Allanthosomes for Accelerating Skin Wound Healing, Pharmaceutics 2025

2025Positive (efficacy)PMID:40430923View source ↗

Evaluation of a Retinol Nanoemulsion Gel Enriched with Black Seed and Rosehip Oils for Acne Management, Drug Research (Stuttgart) 2025 — topical retinol+rosehip+black seed gel evaluated for inflammatory acne management

2025Positive (efficacy)PMID:41125087View source ↗

Lin TK et al., Rosehip extract and wound healing: A review, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2024

2024Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:37605366View source ↗
Shea ButterModerate evidence4 citations

A rich, naturally occlusive plant butter from the African karite tree. Soothes dry, irritation-prone skin, refills the lipid barrier, and was well tolerated enough in randomized trials that most participants used it comfortably as a daily emollient.

O'Connor RJ et al., Clinical Evaluation of a Diaper Containing a Shea Butter-Based Emollient and Impact on Diapered Skin Erythema, Pediatr Dermatol 2025;42(3):532-538 — RCT n=271 infants, shea-butter diaper reduced dermatitis

2025Positive (efficacy)PMID:40189822View source ↗

Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Safety Assessment of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Final Report.

2024Safety assessmentDOI:10.1177/10915818231224230View source ↗

Verallo-Rowell VM, Katalbas SS, Pangasinan JP. Natural (Mineral, Vegetable, Coconut, Essential) Oils and Contact Dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016;16(7):51. — discussing shea butter unsaponifiable fraction NF-kB inhibition and dermatologic use.

2016Mechanism onlyPMID:27373890View source ↗
Vitamin CStrong evidence15 citations

Brightens dull skin and helps fade dark spots. Also defends against everyday UV and pollution damage when worn under sunscreen.

Krutmann J et al. PINGing Sunshine: A Review of the Evidence for Adding Non-Filtering Photoprotective Ingredients to Sunscreens. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2025;41(6). — Review of Photoprotective INGredients (PINGs); L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) identified as a top-ranked PING demonstrating efficacy across multiple photodamage endpoints.

2025Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:41152208View source ↗

Pullar JM et al., The roles of vitamin C in skin health, Nutrients 2017;9(8):866 — concluded topical efficacy "poorly understood"; supports dietary vitamin C

2017Mechanism onlyPMID:28805671View source ↗

Lee JH et al., Effects of VitabridC12 on Skin Inflammation, Annals of Dermatology 2017

2017Mechanism onlyPMID:28966510View source ↗
Vitamin EModerate evidence6 citations

A workhorse antioxidant that defends your skin from daily oxidative damage. Pairs especially well with vitamin C, and it's in nearly every good moisturizer for a reason.

Neves JR et al., Efficacy of a topical serum containing L-ascorbic acid, neohesperidin, pycnogenol, tocopherol, and hyaluronic acid in relation to skin aging signs, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2022;21(10):4462-4469 — tocopherol-containing antioxidant serum reduced pollution-induced damage and improved aging signs

2022Positive (efficacy)PMID:35150043View source ↗

Warshaw EM et al., Patch Testing With Tocopherol and Tocopherol Acetate: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2001 to 2016, Dermatitis 2021;32(5):308-318 — 15-year NACDG data: positive patch-test reactions to tocopherol rare given widespread cosmetic use

2021Safety assessmentPMID:34238818View source ↗

Lin FH et al., Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin, Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2005;125(4):826-832 — ferulic acid + vit C + vit E combo doubled photoprotection vs C+E alone (cross-listed; same paper cited for Ferulic Acid and Vit C)

2005Positive (efficacy)PMID:16185284View source ↗

Sources: 10 clinical journals and regulatory databases across the US, EU, Korea, Japan, and China. Every entry points to a specific document. See methodology for the full list and what each outcome label means.

Layering conflicts

Ingredients in this product that can react with common actives. Avoid stacking unless noted.

  • Retinol + salicylic acid can over-exfoliate and damage the barrier. Alternate nights.

  • Retinol + glycolic acid is a classic barrier-buster. Use on different nights.

  • Retinol + lactic acid is gentler than glycolic but still alternate nights to be safe.

  • Retinol + mandelic acid — alternate nights to preserve barrier integrity.

  • Benzoyl peroxide can break down retinol. Use one in the morning and the other at night, or pick a stabilized formula made to combine them.

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Not medical advice. GlowPal is educational. Patch-test new products and talk to a qualified healthcare professional before changing your routine, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, or have a diagnosed skin condition. See our terms.